NITI Aayog
Planning Commission
in India – a timeline:
1934
|
Visvesvaraya
plan in the book “The Planned Economy of India”.
|
1938
|
Nehru’s
Congress Plan. But not implemented due to World War II
|
1944
|
Bombay
Plan by noted industrialists such as JRD Tata, GD Birla, etc
|
Sriman
Narayan Agarwal’s Gandhian Plan
|
|
1945
|
MN
Roy’s “People’s Plan” – with socialist leanings
|
1950
|
Vinoba
Bhave’s Sarvodaya Plan
|
Mar
15, 1950
|
Cabinet
resolution to form Planning Commission
|
Aug
1952
|
National
Development Council (NDC) made by Cabinet Resolution
|
Aug
2014
|
Modi
shuts down Planning Commission
|
Jan
2015
|
Govt notified the
formation of NITI Aayog (National Institute for Transforming India)
|
Five Year Plans in
India:
Plan
|
Period
|
Theme / Model /
Target
|
I
|
1951-56
|
Harrod
Donar Model
|
Focus:
Agriculture, Irrigation & Power
|
||
II
|
1956-61
|
P
C Mahalanobs Model
|
Socialist
model, Rapid industrialization, Heavy industries
|
||
III
|
1961-66
|
Gadgil
Yojana
|
Holiday
|
1966-69
|
|
IV
|
1969-74
|
Garibi
Hatao
|
V
|
1974-79
|
Focus
on poverty removal and self-reliance
|
Rolling
Plan
|
1978-80
|
|
VI
|
1980-85
|
Poverty
removal, IRDP, TRYSEM, etc
|
VII
|
1985-89
|
Focus
on employment
|
2
Annual Plans
|
1989-91
|
|
VIII
|
1992-97
|
John
W Miller model
|
IX
|
1997-02
|
Growth
with social justice and equity
|
X
|
2002-07
|
|
XI
|
2007-12
|
Theme:
Inclusive growth
|
XII
|
2012-17
|
Theme:
Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth
|
- 1950: Planning commission was established
- May 29, 2014: The first IEO(Independent Evaluation Office ) assessment report was submitted to Prime Minister Modi on May 29, three days after he was sworn in. According to Ajay Chibber, who heads the IEO, views in the report are based on the views of stakeholders and some Planning Commission members themselves. Planning Commission to be replaced by "control commission"
- August 13, 2014: Cabinet of Modi govt. scrapped the Planning Commission
- August 15, 2014: Modi mentioned to replace Planning Commission by National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) on the line of China
- January 01, 2015: NITI Aayog came into existence
NITI
Aayog – structure:
Planning
Commission Vs NITI Aayog:
|
Position
|
Planning
Commission
|
NITI
Aayog
|
|
Born
|
March 15, 1950
|
Jan 01, 2015
|
|
Death
|
Aug 15, 2014
|
---
|
|
Chairman
|
Prime Minister
|
Prime Minister
|
|
Vice Chairman
|
Last:
Montek Singh Ahluwalia as Vice-Chairman (Cabinet Minister Rank)
|
Free
market economist Arvind Panagriya. He was the Chief economist of Asian
Development bank, and the brain behind Rajasthan’s land-labour reform.
|
|
CEO
|
Member – Secretary (IAS)
Sindhushree Khullar (IAS)
|
A
secretary level bureaucrat with fixed tenure.
Same
Ms. Sindhushree Khullar is the first CEO.
|
|
Ex-Officio Members
|
Finance Minister
Planning Minister
|
PM
can nominate four Union Ministers. Modi has nominated following:
Home
Finance
Railway
Agriculture
|
|
Full time Members
|
4-7
full time members, who enjoys “Ministers of State Rank”
|
Bibek
debroy (Free Market Economist)
V
K Saraswat (technocrat, Ex-DRDO Chief)
Ramesh
Chand (Agriculture expert)
|
|
Special Invitees
|
----
|
Union
Minister for
HRD, Transport and Social Justice “+”
PM
can invite other experts as and when needed
|
|
Part time Members
|
-----
|
Tech
experts from research institutes. Rotational Posts.
(1)
Alok Kumar (2) Jitendra Kumar
|
|
Governing Council
|
-----
|
Chairman:
PM
Chief
Ministers of all States
Lieutenant
Governors of all UTs
|
|
Ad-hoc regional councils
|
-----
|
Will
have CMs of states that fall in the region. They’ll be dealing with specific
issue concerning a group of states for example irrigation, naxal-problem,
infrastructure etc.
|
NITI Aayog: functions, Mandates:
·
Think tank for Government
policy formulation.
·
Find best practices
from other countries, partner with other desi-videsi bodies to help their
adoption in India.
·
Cooperative
Federalism: Involve state governments and even villages in planning process.
·
Sustainable
development: + Modi’s Zero defect-zero effect (on environment) manufacturing
mantra.
·
Urban Development:
to ensure cities can remain habitable and provide economic venues to everyone.
·
Participatory
Development: with help of private sector and citizens.
·
Inclusive Development
or Antyodaya. Ensure SC, ST and Women too enjoy the fruits of Development. (because Din Dayal said so.)
·
Poverty elimination
to ensure dignity and self-respect. (because Poet Tiruvalluvar said so)
·
Focus on 5 crore
Small enterprises- to generate more employment for weaker sections.
·
Monitoring and
feedback. Midway course correction, if needed.
·
Make policies to
reap demographic dividend and social capital.
·
Regional Councils
will address specific “issues” for a group of states. Example: Regional Council
for drought, Left-wing extremism, Tribal welfare and so on.
·
Extract maximum
benefit from NRI’s geo-economic and Geo-political strength for India’s
Development.
·
Use Social media
and ICT tools to ensure transparency, accountability and good governance.
·
Help sorting
inter-departmental conflicts.
·
Lot of ideas about
national self-interest, capacity-building, participating in ‘global-village’
etc.
Functional Comparison of Planning Commission
and NITI Aayog:
Planning
Commission
|
NITI
Aayog
|
Design
FYP-Five year plans
|
Design
national agenda, and cooperative federalism.
|
Decide
two “money” matters:
àHow much money to give to each state for centrally
sponsored schemes (CSS)
àHow much money to give for each state’s own
state-five-year-plans.
|
Mostly
work as a “policy-formulation-hub”. The Press release is ‘silent’ on money/funding.
So, most probably it’ll be left to finance ministry.
Some
experts believe Inter-state council will decide money allocation to states,
then finance ministry will release the fund.
|
States/UT
were represented in National Development Council.
PC
framed FYP => went to Cabinet => NDC approved FYP => Tabled in
parliament.
|
States/UT
represented in Governing council. But no specific mention about whether they
can approve/reject/amend Niti Ayog’s proposals?
|
One
size fits all, top-down socialist planning by Armchair Nehruvian economists
and IES cadre officers (Indian Economic Service).
|
Press
release talks about participatory planning but how exactly will they do that?
No specific details laid out.
IES
officers are rarely invited in Modi’s meetings.
But
given the entry of Free market economists and Technocrats, most probably
it’ll be an ‘indicative planning + core planning’ i.e. after inputs of state
governments, a broad outline with selected targets, limited subsidies and
monitoring through ICT.
|
Sub groups of Chief Ministers in NITI Aayog:
Prime
Minister, has announced that the NITI Aayog would constitute three sub groups:
of Chief Ministers on the following themes:
• Sub-group to study
the 66 Centrally Sponsored Schemes and recommend which to continue, which to
transfer to states, and which to cut down.
• Sub-group to
recommend how NITI Aayog can promote skill development and creation of skilled
manpower within states.
• Sub-group to decide
on institutional mechanisms to be evolved, and technological inputs, for
ensuring that commitment to Swachh Bharat becomes a part of our life in
perpetuity.
Sub
Group on Swachch Bharat
|
|
Convener
|
Chief
Minister, Andhra Pradesh
|
Member(s):
|
Chief
Minister, Karnataka
|
Chief
Minister, Bihar
|
|
Chief
Minister, Haryana
|
|
Chief
Minister, Maharashtra
|
|
Chief
Minister, Mizoram
|
|
Chief
Minister, Sikkim
|
|
Chief
Minister, West Bengal
|
|
Chief
Minister, Uttarakhand
|
|
Chief
Minister, Delhi
|
|
Coordinator
|
CEO,
NITI Aayog
|
Sub
Group on Skill Development
|
|
Convener
|
Chief Minister,
Punjab
|
Member(s):
|
Chief Minister,
Tamil Nadu
|
Chief Minister,
Asom
|
|
Chief Minister,
Chhattisgarh
|
|
Chief Minister,
Goa
|
|
Chief Minister,
Gujarat
|
|
Chief Minister,
Himachal Pradesh
|
|
Chief Minister,
Meghalaya
|
|
Chief Minister,
Odisha
|
|
Chief Minister,
Puducherry
|
|
Chief Minister,
Tripura
|
|
Coordinator
|
CEO, NITI Aayog
|
Sub
Group on Centrally Sponsored Schemes
|
|
Convener
|
Chief
Minister, Madhya Pradesh
|
Member(s):
|
Chief
Minister, Kerala
|
Chief
Minister, Arunachal Pradesh
|
|
Chief
Minister, Jammu & Kashmir
|
|
Chief
Minister, Jharkhand
|
|
Chief
Minister, Manipur
|
|
Chief
Minister, Nagaland
|
|
Chief
Minister, Rajasthan
|
|
Chief
Minister, Telangana
|
|
Chief
Minister, Uttar Pradesh
|
|
Lt.
Governor, Andaman & Nicobar Is
|
|
Coordinator
|
CEO,
NITI Aayog
|
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