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Nov 15, 2020

[GK/Geog] Biosphere Reserves in India

                   Biosphere Reserves in India and                             UNESCO’s MAB


The Indian government has established 18 Biosphere Reserves of India, (categories roughly corresponding to IUCN Category V Protected areas), which protect larger areas of natural habitat (than a National Park or Animal Sanctuary), and often include one or more National Parks and/or preserves, along buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. Protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life.

Differences b/w National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves:


National Parks
Wildlife Sanctuaries
Biosphere Reserves
^ No human activities or settlement allowed
^ Villagers cannot graze their animals
^ Extremely strict rules about jungle produce collections



^ People are not allowed to live (with some exception)
^ Human activities such as grazing, firewood collections are allowed
^ Wildlife sanctuaries can be upgraded as National Parks while the reverse is not possible
^ People are allowed to live
^ Own private land
^ Carry on the traditional activities


Biosphere Reserves in India

 

 

S. No

Name

Location

Area (in Sq. km)

Designated in the year

1

Nilgiri

Tamil Nadu, Kerala & Karnataka

5520

1986

2

Nanda Devi

Uttarakhand

5860

1988

3

Nokrek

Meghalaya

820

1988

4

Gulf of Mannar

Tamil Nadu

10500

1989

5

Sundarbans

West Bengal

9630

1989

6

Manas

Assam

2837

1989

7

Great Nicobar

Andaman & Nicobar Is.

885

1989

8

Simlipal

Odisha

4374

1994

9

Dibru - Saikhwa

Assam

765

1997

10

Dihang - Dibang

Arunachal Pradesh

5112

1998

11

Pachmarhi

Madhya Pradesh

4981.72

1999

12

Khangchendzonga

Sikkim

2620

2000

13

Agasthyamalai

Tamil Nadu & Kerala

3500

2001

14

Achanakmar - Amarkantak

Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh

3835

2005

15

Great Rann of Kutch

Gujarat

12454

2008

16

Cold Desert

Himachal Pradesh

7770

2009

17

Seshachalam Hills

Andhra Pradesh

4755

2010

18

Panna

Madhya Pradesh

543

2011

  

Twelve of the Eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list. They are:

  

Name

States

Year

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka

2000

Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve

Tamil Nadu

2001

Sundarbans national park

West Bengal

2001

Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

Uttarakhand

2004

Nokrek Biosphere Reserve

Meghalaya

2009

Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve

Madhya Pradesh

2009

Simlipal Biosphere Reserve

Odisha

2008

Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve

Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh

2012

Great Nicobar

Andaman & Nicobar

2013

Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve

Kerala and Tamil Nadu

2016

Khangchendzonga

Sikkim

2018

Panna

Madhya Pradesh

2020

 

 

 

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