Ports in India
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Major Ports on West Coast
(6)
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#
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Artificial /
Natural
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Name
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State
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1
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Natural
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Jawaharlal
Nehru, Nhava Shewa
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2
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Natural
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Mumbai,
1873
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3
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Natural
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Kandala,
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In
1950s, because
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First
EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) in
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4
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Natural
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Marmugoa
–Tidal Port
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@
Zuvari estuary
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5
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Artificial
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New
Mangalore
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Karnataka
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Deep
port; all-weather
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6
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Natural
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Cochin/Kochi;
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Kerala
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Major Ports on East Coast
(7)
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7
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Natural
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Tuticorin – V O Chidambaranar Port
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Tamil Nadu
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8
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Artificial
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Chennai; all-weather
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9
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Artificial
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Ennore – Private Port
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10
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Natural
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Vishakhapatnam
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Andhra Pradesh
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Newly proposed:
Dugarajapatanma
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11
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Artificial
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Paradeep (man made lagoon)
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Odisha
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12
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Natural
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Haldia / Kolkata
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West Bengal
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Riverine Port
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Oldest
major
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Need
constant dredging to keep depth
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Newly
proposed:
Sagar
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13
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Natural
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Port
Blair
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Andaman & Nicobar Islands
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Declared
as 13th major port in 2010
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* à Some books mention Chennai to be the oldest
port, but Government sites maintain that Kolkata is the oldest port.
States with highest Minor ports: Maharashtra >>
Gujarat >> A&N >>Tamil Nadu
>> Kerala
Economic Survey - Shipping reforms
·
Main
problems: ageing fleet, manpower shortage.
·
While
India
·
India
·
Third-generation
ships are not able to enter the harbour. Their goods have to be offloaded in Sri Lanka , then sent to India
·
India
·
Port
congestion, delay in turnaround, takes lot of paperwork to load/unload cargo,
slow process of customs clearance, inadequate road and rail connectivity
·
There
is urgent need to replace our ageing ships with new ones. But Government-owned
shipyards like Visakhapatnam
Budget 2014 - Shipping related announcement
·
Will
frame new policy, so increase employment, Indian shipbuilding and maritime
transport.
·
Sixteen
new port projects are proposed
·
New
SEZs at Kandla and JNPT.
·
Will
develop Tuticorin outer harbor.
·
Inland
navigation: ‘Jal Marg Vikas’ (National Waterways-I) on Ganga . Between Allahabad
TAMP - Tariff Authority for Major Ports
|
Major port
|
Minor ports
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TAMP decides
maximum tariff charged by Major ports for cargo handling
|
§
They’re free to fix tariff charges
§
They don’t fall under TAMP regulation.
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Major port
operators want TAMP abolished, so they too can raise tariff and expand.
|
They can charge
higher prices and re-invest profits to modernize further.
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§
Reform: 2013, shipping ministry exempted Port
projects after Aug-2013, from TAMP.
§
But Major port operators want all ports to be
removed from TAMP mechanism
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Sethu Samudram
·
Old topic, Needs to be prepared again because
NDA/BJP in power.
·
This
project wants to create a shipping canal between Palk bay & Gulf of Manner
·
Pro-argument:
Will reduce time and fuel consumption. Improve traffic @minor ports in South-East India
·
Anti-argument:
marine biodiversity will be damaged + religious sentiments about Ram Sethu.
Shipping Statistics
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Coastline
|
7516.6 kms
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Maritime States
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5 on west coast
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4 on east coast
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Major ports
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13 + 2* (proposed)
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Under the Union Government
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Handles 57% of traffic
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Minor Ports
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> 180
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Under the State Governments
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Handle 43% of traffic, but higher growth rate than
major ports
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FDI
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100% permitted
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Ship Breaking industry
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