Current Affairs
National Skill Development
Agency (NSDA)
Why in News?
·
Panel
formed to rationalize various Skill Development schemes (Dec 2013)
·
Gave
report in Oct 2014.
Panel Composition
·
S.Ramdorai
- Chairman of NSDA- National Skill Development agency. (NSDA is different from
NSDC)
·
Officials
from two-dozen ministries.
What’re the problems?
·
Total
22 ministries running parallel schemes for Skill development- textile,
commerce, HRD, labour and so on.
·
States
have created their own State Skill Development Missions (SSDMs)
·
Each
of them has different norms for eligibility criteria, training duration,
scholarship/subsidy to beneficiary, outcomes, monitoring and tracking
mechanism.
·
This
leads to Resource wastage, while some beneficiaries get multiple benefits for undergoing
same type of training.
Solutions
·
NSDA
panel gave “five point someone” strategy
(01) First define “what exactly is skill
development?”
(02) Second, decide outcomes or success parameters
(03) Third, give cash funding only based on the
outcomes.
(04) Fourth, motivate both trainer and the trainee.
(05) Fifth- monitor the beneficiaries of all the “Yojanas”.
#1: Define Skill Development
·
Panel
identified four types of skill development:
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Fresher
|
* Gives training to fresh entrants, so they became
sellable in labor market.
* Give them minimum 200 hours of training.
|
|
Re-Skilling
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* Upgrading skill of a person already doing some
job / business.
* Give them minimum 80 hours of training.
|
|
Recognition
|
Giving paper degrees and fancy certificates to
skilled person
|
|
College
|
Running formal education courses like diplomas and
degrees
|
·
If
a given scheme is not doing ONE of the FOUR things listed above, then it’s not
a skill Development scheme.
·
In
case, you are wondering how can we play “word-replacement” game on this? Well,
“Defining” a parameter has always been a controversial exercise. Recall the new
Poverty line design by Rangarajan and how the NATION (Arnab Goswami) and RANGA
(the villain) were unhappy because of that.
[Click Here]
·
Same
goes for defining malnutrition, Education under Sarva Sikha Abhiyan,
“productive assets” under MNREGA and so on.
#2: Decide Outcomes
·
At
present, the ministries measure “success outcome” of their schemes on two
parameters only:
(01) How many people got training?
(02) How many crores spent?
·
Panel
says we must measure outcomes in a more rational manner:
Ø Did the person get job after
training?
Ø For how long was he able to
‘retain’ that job? [e.g. Youngman got fancy certificate under some training
scheme and got job in an automobile company. But he was thrown out in less than
a month for he lacks the specific job-skills, then the scheme is a failure.]
Ø If a person was already in
job/business, then, after getting training in our scheme, whether his income
increases or not?
#3: Cash-funding on outcomes
·
Panel
recommends- first do a “time study” and “cost study” of the given training
program.
·
Then,
Decide scheme costs on “Per trainee, on per hour basis.”
·
Government
should release the fund money based on Outcomes. e.g. 100 people trained but
only 50 got job, then funding= 50 people x cost per person x no. of training
hours.
·
Result:
cost cut down and fiscal deficit reduced.
·
This
cost-cutting formula will not apply to Home ministry’s UDAAN Scheme for J&K
youth training. Because its main purpose is ‘national-integration’.
#4: Motivate both trainee and trainer
|
Motivate trainer (teacher)
|
Motivate Trainee (student)
|
|
* Trainer /teacher will Rs. 3000 bonus if 70% of
his batch-students achieve the outcomes.
* Rs. 5,000 bonus, if 90% of students achieve
outcomes.
* This will motivate the trainers to focus more on
the individual beneficiaries.
* This type of incentives already present in
healthcare sector e.g. ASHA-workers get additional bonus for Vasectomy, DOTS
program and on.
* But, we can adopt the same for school Teachers
under Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, if 70% or 90% of their students pass Pratham’s
test, teacher get salary bonus.
|
* Panel says, beneficiary must be give minimum
1,000 rupees security deposit. It’ll be refunded at the end of program.
* This will ensure only “Serious players” join the
program, attend all lectures, learn the concepts and make handwritten notes
seriously.
* Although hard to adopt in other sectors e.g.
asking BPL family to give refundable deposit before their kid joins a posh
school under 25% reservation quota under right to education act. OR asking a
TB patient to deposit 1000 rupees to ensure he takes DOTS pills on regular
basis!
|
#5: Monitor beneficiaries
·
In
Government schemes, outcome is measured in how many crores spent and under the
budget rules, department has to return unspent money after 31st March. Leads to
following angles
ü “March rush”: from April to
December laziness. From January to March suddenly the ministries will run
dozens of camps and seminars to spend money in haste, before 31st March comes.
ü Bogus beneficiaries and
corruption.
ü Same person getting multiple
training /scholarship from multiple ministries for similar type of training.
·
Therefore,
panel says we must setup Management Information System (MIS) and Aadhaar cards
to track beneficiaries and their careers. Now, Take this as a framework answer
to any of the questions asked on social schemes- how to fix its design and
implementation!
NSDA Vs NSDC
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NSDA
|
NSDC
|
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National Skill Development Agency
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National Skill Development Corporation
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From 2013
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From 2009
|
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* 100% Government owned Autonomous body.
* Earlier this was Prime minister’s national
council on skill development (PMNCSD).
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* Not for profit “Company” under the Companies Act
* Ownership: 51% private; 49% Finance ministry
|
|
* Advisory and Coordination work for
* Run national database for labor market
information.
* Ensure SC, ST, OBC, women/minorities
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* Give skill training to 150 million Indians by
2022.
* Some websites say 500 million. But actual target
to cover 30% of the 500 million people by 2022. So 0.3 x 500=150 million.
|
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Prime Minister Office
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Ministry of Finance
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NSDA is to create a workforce empowered with the
necessary and continuously upgraded skills, knowledge and internationally
recognized qualifications to gain access to decent employment and ensure
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NSDC is focusing on 21 high priority sectors and
the unorganized sector. (focus is not limited to these sectors alone)
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