Current Affairs
UNDP – Human Development
Index 2014
Human
Development Report
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Who
publishes this report?
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UNDP
HQ
–
Chief:
Helen Clark
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Who
designed this system?
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Indian
Economist Amartya Sen
Pakistani
Economist Mahbub ul Haq
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Since
when?
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1990
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Themes of Report
|
|
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2013
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Rise
of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World
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|
2014
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Sustaining
Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerability and Building resilience
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Five
Indexes under HDI – 2014
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Human
Development
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1.Human
Development Index – HDI
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2.
Inequality Index
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Gender
Related
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3.
Gender Development Index
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4.
Gender inequality
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Poverty
Related
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5.
Multidimensional Poverty Index
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HDI
It
ranks human development in terms of three basic parameters:
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Parameter
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Quantitative Measures
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A. To live a long and healthy life
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A. Life Expectancy at birth (years)
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B. To be educated and knowledgeable
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B1. Gross enrollment (1/3 height)
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B2 Adult literacy (2/3 weight)
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Then take weightage average of B1 and B2. Let’s
call it “B”
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C. To enjoy a decent economic standard of living
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C. Per capita gross national income ($$)
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Then we need to normalize A, B and C by this
formula (not important for exam)
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(Actual value – Minimum Value) / (Maximum Value –
Minimum Value)
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Finally HDI is the Geometric Mean of three
normalized Values
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= cube root
of (A * B * C)
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·
HDI
doesn’t use arithmetic mean (A+B+C)/3, because even large value in one part,
hide deficiency in other areas.
·
Example
Arithmetic mean (90, 0, 0) = 30. So overall “good” development, but country has
ZERO development on education and income part! Geometric Mean (90, 0, 0) =0
will disclose this bogusness.
Ranking of HDI – 2014
Only focusing on best & most bogus; India
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Very HIGH
(0.994 onwards)
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High (0.790
onwards)
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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57.
73.
79.
91.
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Medium (0.698
onwards)
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Lowest (0.540
onwards)
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103.
(highest
among all Medium)
135.
136.
142.
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In reverse order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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|
Report
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2012
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134 out of 187
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2013
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136 out of 186
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2014
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135 out of 187
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No ranking in HDR 2014
(1) North Korea (2)
Monaco (3) San Marino (4) Somalia
(5) South Sudan
(6) Marshall Islands (7) Nauru (8) Tuvalu
Inequality adjusted HDI
Ø HDI ranking compares
different countries on three parameters: health + education + income.
Ø But what about internal
inequality within same country.
Ø For this, another rank
created- inequality adjusted HDI.
Ø India
Ø Then what’s point of
calculating? Ans. the “Absolute figure” tells us how much human development
lost due to inequality within a country.
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Absolute figure
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HDI
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0.586
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inequality adjusted
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0.418
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% difference over HDI
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29%
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In
other words, 29% of Human development is lost due to inequality.
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loss due to inequality
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%
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12%
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29%
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world
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23%
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GDI – Gender Development Index
·
Calculation
Stopped since 2010. But resumed with 2014’s report.
·
Only
calculated for 148 countries and not for all those 187 ranked in HDI.
·
Formula
= Female HDI/ Male HDI
·
So,
the best country, where female and male HDI is same, what will be the answer-
0, 0.5 or 1?
·
Ans. 1. Because numerator and denominator will
cancel each other.
·
So,
which country got first rank? Norway
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Country
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G D Index
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Rank in GDI
|
|
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1.000
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1
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0.997
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5 (HDI = 1)
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0.828
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132 (HDI = 135)
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[[[Moral of the story: Norway
GII – Gender Inequality Index
Based on 3 parameters:
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Parameter
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Components
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|
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1.
Reproductive Health
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MMR
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200/lakh
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Adolescent
Birth Rate
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32/100
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2.
Empowerment
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Women in
Parliament
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10.9%
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Higher
Education
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26.6%
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3. Economic
Activity
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Labour Force
Participation
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28.8%
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·
In
Gender inequality index: 0= no inequality and 1 = maximum inequality.
·
Only
calculated for 157 countries. (NOT all 187)
GII Ranking in 2014
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Rank
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Gender
Inequality
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1
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Slovenia Capital Ljubljana (not
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2
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3
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37-94
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127
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Multi-dimensional Poverty Index
First
we’ve to find two things:
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Poverty
Incidence
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Poverty
Intensity
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has three indicators
1.
health
2.
education
3.
std. of living
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How many indicators does the given household lacks?
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Finally, MPI = (incidence x intensity)
All over world total 1.5 billion people suffering
from multi-dimensional poverty.
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Country
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% of people
suffering multidimensional poverty?
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2
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6
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10
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41
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46
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50
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55
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HDI:
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Overall world
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Life
expectancy:
GNI Per capita: Russia > Brazil >
China > South Africa > India
|
Overall
gender gap in the world is 8%
Per
capita income of men is double than women
Human
development slowed down worldwide
|
India
specific prescription in HDI
·
India
·
1999
Odisha cyclone >10,000 dead but 2013 cyclone with same intensity yet less
than <50 dead thanks to Disaster preparedness. Meaning improvement possible,
all it takes is political and bureaucratic will.
World Humanitarian Summit
Basics important, because
mentioned in HDR 2014 report
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Where
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When
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2016. But the
consultation process has started two years in advance (i.e. since 2014)
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By whom?
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Initiative by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs (OCHA)
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Purpose
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Address the
humanitarian crisis caused by natural disasters and conflicts.
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