New Elements in the Periodic Table
Names for four new elements,
formerly known by their respective atomic numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118, have
been proposed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
The proposed names are- nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts) and
oganesson (Og). The names are on a five-month probation before things are made
official.
Background:
The elements
were recognized by IUPAC on December 30, 2015. Their addition completed the
seventh row of the periodic table.
Naming:
The
discoverers of the elements were invited to propose the names. IUPAC provided
the discoverers with guidelines to assist them in creating the names. These
names keep with the longstanding tradition of being named after a mythological
concept or character (including an astronomical object), a mineral or similar
substance, a place or geographical region, a property of the element or a
scientist. Also, they must end in “-ium,” “-ine,” or “-on” depending on the
grouping of elements they belong to. IUPAC also prefers the names translate
easily across major languages.
Key facts:
Ø All four elements are not found in nature, and were synthetically
created in laboratories. They are super-heavy elements.
Ø Tennessee is the second US state to be recognized with an element;
California was the first.
Ø Oganesson, symbol Og, for element 118. The name honors Russian
physicist Yuri Oganessian.
Ø Nihonium, symbol Nh, for element 113. The element was discovered in
Japan, and Nihon is one way to say the country’s name in Japanese. It’s the
first element to be discovered in an Asian country.
Ø Moscovium has been named after Russia’s capital Mosow.
Periodic table:
· There are seven rows, called periods, and 18 columns, called groups, in
the table.
· Elements in the same group share similar properties. Those in the same
period have the same number of atomic orbitals (the wave-like behaviour of
either one or a pair of electrons in an atom) – for instance, the first period
only has two elements, hydrogen and helium, with only a single orbital.
· Most elements on the table are metals divided into six broad categories
– alkali metals, alkaline earths, basic metals, transition metals, lanthanides
and actinides. They are located on the left, separated from the non-metals on
the right by a zig-zag line.
· Lanthanides and actinides, often called “inner transition metals”, are
commonly hived off as a separate section under the main table as including all
30 – including Uranium – would make the table too wide.
· The table is a useful tool for people to derive relationships between
the different properties of the elements. It can also help predict the
properties of new elements that have yet to be discovered or created.
About IUPAC:
ä The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an
international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents
chemists in individual countries. It is a member of the International Council
for Science (ICSU).
ä The international headquarters of IUPAC is in Zurich, Switzerland.
ä The IUPAC was established in 1919 as the successor of the International
Congress of Applied Chemistry for the advancement of chemistry.
ä Its members, the National Adhering Organizations, can be national
chemistry societies, national academies of sciences, or other bodies
representing chemists.
ä There are fifty-four National Adhering Organizations and three
Associate National Adhering Organizations.
The IUPAC’s Inter-divisional Committee on
Nomenclature and Symbols (IUPAC nomenclature) is the recognized world authority
in developing standards for the naming of the chemical elements and compounds
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