CHOLA
DYNASTY
Founder:
Vijayalaya
|
Capital: Thanjavur
|
Symbol: Tiger
|
Port: Poompuhar; Flower: Fig
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Area: Thanjavur, Trichy
|
As Cholas extended their boundaries in Sri
Lanka and Malaysia, they are called as “Imperial Cholas”. Vijayalaya’s son
Aditya put an end to the Pallava Kingdom by defeating Aparajita.
Kings
|
Achievements
|
Parantaka-I
|
Suffered
a defeat at the hands of Rashtrakutas in the famous Battle of Takkolam
|
Provided Vimana
of the famous
Nataraja temple at Chidambaram
|
|
Uthiramerur
inscriptions
|
|
Captured
Madurai
|
|
Rajaraja-I
|
Son
of Parantaka-II
|
Defeat
of Chera ruler Bhaskararavivarman in the naval
battle of Kandalursalai (கண்டலூர்சாலை )
|
|
Defeat
of Pandya ruler Amarabhujanga (அமரபுஜங்கா)
|
|
Invasion of
Sri Lanka; Captured
Northern part of
Sri Lanka; Shifted capital from Anuradhapura to Polanaurva (Shiva
temple built at Polanaurva later)
|
|
Extended
up to tributaries of Tungabadhra
|
|
Annexed
Western Chalukyas, Raichur Doab
|
|
Defeated
Telugu Cholas
|
|
Captured Maldives
|
|
Completed the
construction of Brihadeswara Temple
|
|
Helped in
construction of Buddhist
Monastery at Nagapattinam
|
|
Thiruvalangadu
plates
|
Rajendra – I
|
Mahinda
V, the King of Sri Lanka attempted to recover from Cholas; Rajendra-I
defeated him
|
Whole part of Sri
Lanka came under Cholas
|
|
Defeated
Mahipala I of Bengal
|
|
Crossed
Tungabadhra and captured Northern India
|
|
To
commemorate this success, he founded the city of Gangaikondacholapuram
|
|
Irrigation
tank called Cholagangam built at Gangaikondacholapuram
|
|
Shifted capital
from Thanjavur to Gangaikondacholapuram
|
|
Thiruvalangadu
plates;
Karandhai plates
|
|
Kulottunga – I
|
Sri Lanka became
independent
|
Abolished
tolls
|
|
Vengi
and Mysore region were captured by Western Chalukyas and sent an embassy to
China
|
|
Kulottunga – II
|
Central
authority became weak
|
Emergence
of Pandyas
|
|
Rajendra – III
|
Last
Chola Ruler
|
Got
defeated by Jatavarman Sundarapandiyan II
|
Kings and other names:-
Kings
|
Also called as
|
Parantaka – I
|
மதுரை
கொண்டான்
|
மதுரையும்
ஈழமும் கொண்டான்
|
|
பொன்
வெய்ந்த சோழன்
|
|
Rajaraja – I
|
மும்முடி
சோழன்
|
ஜெயங்கொண்டான்
|
|
சிவபாத
சேகரன்
|
|
அருண்மொழி
|
|
ராஜகேசரி
|
|
Rajendra – I
|
முடிகொண்டான்
|
கங்கை
கொண்டான்
|
|
கடாரம்
கொண்டான்
|
|
பண்டித
சோழன்
|
|
உத்தம
சோழன்
|
|
Kulottunga – I
|
சுங்கம்
தவிர்த்த சோழன்
|
Administration of Cholas:-
Ø
Land
revenue department well organised. It was called as “puravurvarithinaikkalam” (புரவுவரித்திணைக்களம்)
Ø
Royal
troops called s “kaikkolaperumpadai” (கைக்கோளப் பெரும்படை)
Ø
Training
of Army and military cantonments called as “kadagams” (கடகங்கள்)
Ø
Bay
of Bengal is just a lake for Cholas
Ø
Much
naval expeditions
Ø
Caste
system was widely prevalent during Cholas
Ø
Position of women did
not improve
Ø
Practice of Sati
prevalent among the royal families
Ø
Devadasi system
prevailed
Ø
Large
number of temples built; Agriculture and Industry flourished
Ø
Silk-weaving
at Kanchipuram flourished
Ø
Gold, Silver and
Copper coins were issued in plenty at various denominations
Ø
Arabian horses
imported; Education was given importance
Ø
Apart
from Vedas and Epics, subjects like Mathematics and Medicine were taught
Ø
Development
of Tamil literature reached its peak (சீவக சிந்தாமணி, குண்டலகேசி, ராமாயணம்,
பெரியபுராணம், கலிங்கத்துப்பரணி, மூவருலா, நளவெண்பா, கல்லாடம், யாப்பெருங்கலம்,
நன்னூல், வீரசோழியம்)
Ø
Chief
feature of Chola temple is “Vimana”; Bronzes of chola period are world famous
Ø
Empire
was divided into,
Mandalams
(09) {Royal Princess / Officers} à Valanadu (Periyanattar) à Nadu (Nattar) à Urs
Chola Kings in chronological order:-
ä Parantakaa-I (பிராந்தகா - I)
ä Kandaraditya (கண்தர் ஆதித்யா)
ä Arinjaya (அரின்ஜயா)
ä Sundara Chola or Parantaka – II ( சுந்தர சோழா)
ä Uttama Chola (உத்தம சோழா)
ä Rajaraja ( ராஜராஜா)
ä Rajendra-I (ராஜேந்திரா - I)
ä Rajathiraja-I ( ராஜாதிராஜா-I)
ä Rajendra-II (ராஜேந்திரா -II)
ä Veerarajendra (வீரராஜேந்திரா)
ä Adhirajendra (ஆதி ராஜேந்திரா)
ä Kulottunga-I (குலோத்துங்க-I)
ä Kulottunga-III (குலோத்துங்க -III)
ä Rajendra-III (ராஜேந்திரா -III)
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