Followers

Aug 27, 2015

[History] About Chola Dynasty


CHOLA DYNASTY


Founder: Vijayalaya
Capital: Thanjavur
Symbol: Tiger
Port: Poompuhar; Flower: Fig
Area: Thanjavur, Trichy


As Cholas extended their boundaries in Sri Lanka and Malaysia, they are called as “Imperial Cholas”. Vijayalaya’s son Aditya put an end to the Pallava Kingdom by defeating Aparajita.

Kings
Achievements



Parantaka-I
Suffered a defeat at the hands of Rashtrakutas in the famous Battle of Takkolam
Provided  Vimana  of  the  famous  Nataraja  temple at Chidambaram
Uthiramerur inscriptions
Captured Madurai







Rajaraja-I
Son of Parantaka-II
Defeat of Chera ruler Bhaskararavivarman in the naval battle of Kandalursalai (கண்டலூர்சாலை )
Defeat of Pandya ruler Amarabhujanga (அமரபுஜங்கா)
Invasion  of  Sri  Lanka;  Captured  Northern  part  of  Sri Lanka; Shifted capital from Anuradhapura to Polanaurva (Shiva temple built at Polanaurva later)
Extended up to tributaries of Tungabadhra
Annexed Western Chalukyas, Raichur Doab
Defeated Telugu Cholas
Captured Maldives
Completed the construction of Brihadeswara Temple
Helped  in  construction  of  Buddhist  Monastery  at Nagapattinam
Thiruvalangadu plates
  





Rajendra – I
Mahinda V, the King of Sri Lanka attempted to recover from Cholas; Rajendra-I defeated him
Whole part of Sri Lanka came under Cholas
Defeated Mahipala I of Bengal
Crossed Tungabadhra and captured Northern India
To commemorate this success, he founded the city of Gangaikondacholapuram
Irrigation tank called Cholagangam built at Gangaikondacholapuram
Shifted capital from Thanjavur to Gangaikondacholapuram
Thiruvalangadu plates; Karandhai plates

Kulottunga – I
Sri Lanka became independent
Abolished tolls
Vengi and Mysore region were captured by Western Chalukyas and sent an embassy to China
Kulottunga – II
Central authority became weak
Emergence of Pandyas
Rajendra – III
Last Chola Ruler
Got defeated by Jatavarman Sundarapandiyan II

Kings and other names:-

Kings
Also called as

Parantaka – I
மதுரை கொண்டான்
மதுரையும் ஈழமும் கொண்டான்
பொன் வெய்ந்த சோழன்


Rajaraja – I
மும்முடி சோழன்
ஜெயங்கொண்டான்
சிவபாத சேகரன்
அருண்மொழி
ராஜகேசரி


Rajendra – I
முடிகொண்டான்
கங்கை கொண்டான்
கடாரம் கொண்டான்
பண்டித சோழன்
உத்தம சோழன்
Kulottunga – I
சுங்கம் தவிர்த்த சோழன்

Administration of Cholas:-
Ø  Land revenue department well organised. It was called as “puravurvarithinaikkalam” (புரவுவரித்திணைக்களம்)
Ø  Royal troops called s “kaikkolaperumpadai” (கைக்கோளப் பெரும்படை)
Ø  Training of Army and military cantonments called as “kadagams” (கடகங்கள்)
Ø  Bay of Bengal is just a lake for Cholas
Ø  Much naval expeditions
Ø  Caste system was widely prevalent during Cholas
Ø  Position of women did not improve
Ø  Practice of Sati prevalent among the royal families
Ø  Devadasi system prevailed
Ø  Large number of temples built; Agriculture and Industry flourished
Ø  Silk-weaving at Kanchipuram flourished
Ø  Gold, Silver and Copper coins were issued in plenty at various denominations
Ø  Arabian horses imported; Education was given importance
Ø  Apart from Vedas and Epics, subjects like Mathematics and Medicine were taught
Ø  Development of Tamil literature reached its peak (சீவக சிந்தாமணி, குண்டலகேசி, ராமாயணம், பெரியபுராணம், கலிங்கத்துப்பரணி, மூவருலா, நளவெண்பா, கல்லாடம், யாப்பெருங்கலம், நன்னூல், வீரசோழியம்)
Ø  Chief feature of Chola temple is “Vimana”; Bronzes of chola period are world famous
Ø  Empire was divided into,
Mandalams (09) {Royal Princess / Officers} à Valanadu (Periyanattar) à Nadu (Nattar) à Urs




Chola Kings in chronological order:-

ä  Parantakaa-I (பிராந்தகா - I)
ä  Kandaraditya (கண்தர் ஆதித்யா)
ä  Arinjaya (அரின்ஜயா)   
ä  Sundara Chola or Parantaka – II ( சுந்தர சோழா)
ä  Uttama Chola  (உத்தம சோழா)
ä  Rajaraja ( ராஜராஜா)     
ä  Rajendra-I (ராஜேந்திரா - I)
ä  Rajathiraja-I ( ராஜாதிராஜா-I)
ä  Rajendra-II (ராஜேந்திரா -II)
ä  Veerarajendra (வீரராஜேந்திரா)
ä  Adhirajendra (ஆதி ராஜேந்திரா)
ä  Kulottunga-I (குலோத்துங்க-I)
ä  Kulottunga-III (குலோத்துங்க -III)
ä  Rajendra-III (ராஜேந்திரா -III)
=========================================

No comments:

Post a Comment