[CA/GK/Def] Agni V

[CA - Notes] North Korea's defence details

North Korea’s Defence Details

North Korea has a long history of developing lethal weapons, including long-range missiles and nuclear bombs. Here is a look into it:

Year	Events
1970s	North Korea starts working on a version of the Soviet Scud – B (range 300 km); test fired in 1984
1987 – 1992	North Korea begins developing variant of Scud – C (500 km), Rodong – 1 (1, 300 km), Taepodong – 1 (2, 500 km), Musudan – 1 (3, 000 km) and Taepodong – 2 (6, 700 km)
1989	US Satellite pictures reveal a nuclear processing plant at North Korea’s Yongbyon Complex
1998	North Korea test – fires its long range – ballistic missile, a Taepodong – 1
2003	North Korea withdraws from the Nuclear Non – Proliferation Treaty
2005	For the first time, North Korea states that it has nuclear weapons
2006	North Korea test – fires seven missiles, including a long – range Taepodong – 2
	North Korea carries out its first nuclear test
2009	North Korea conducts its second underground nuclear test, sparking tougher UN sanctions
	North Korea test fires seven ballistic missiles off its east coast
2013	North Korea conducts its third and largest nuclear test
2015	North Korea says it successfully test – fired a submarine launched ballistic missile
2016	North Korea says it has detonated a hydrogen bomb

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[Defence] Nirbhay

Nirbhay

Basic Facts about Nirbhay

Meaning	“Fearless” in Sanskrit
Missile Type	* Surface to Surface missile. * Can carry both nuclear and conventional explosives. * Two stage flight * Subsonic cruise missile = Less than the speed of sound
Maximum Speed	0.7mach = 858 kmph
Similar to Nirbhay	* Tomahawk Missile (USA) * Babur (Hatf VII) Missile (Pakistan)
Range	* 800+ km * Flight duration – 1 hour
Designer	DRDO
Fuel	Aviation Kerosene
Testing	At Balasore (Odisha) * 2013 – it was failed * Oct 2014 – it was success
Platform	* Lorry, ship, aircraft, submarines * Land and sea versions to be ready in next 3 years. * Sea versions to have range of 200 to 2000 kms.

Special features of Nirbhay

·        Nirbhay designed from pilotless Lakshya drone (0.68 Mach speed). Therefore, it has features of both a missile and an aircraft.

·        Like the Lakshya drone, it can be remotely controlled, can be brought back after mission is over.

·        Nirbhay takes off vertically like a missile. But after reaching 800 mts height, it turns horizontally, spreads wings like an aircraft, and can fly upto 800-1000 kms range.

·        Can carry multiple payloads to attack multiple targets.

·        Seeker system: to lock-on the target, after launch.

Loitering Missile - Nirbhay can circle over an area for many minutes and pick out the target.

Tree Top Missile - Nirbhay can fly at very low altitude to avoid detection. Enemy aircrafts, anti-missile technology can’t destroy it easily.

“Make in India”

·        Nirbhay is India’s first long range subsonic missile.

·        80% of Nirbhay parts are indigenous built.

·        After 2022, India will not have to import any missiles.

Nirbhay in Cold Start

Recall Nirbhay’s special features: Drone-like + attack missile + low flying + no radar detection. Such missile can-

·        Attack Pakistan’s nuclear establishment.

·        Attack incoming Pakistan tank columns.

·        Surgical attack on a specific area within densely populated cities of Pakistan e.g. house of Hafeez Syeed or Dawood Ibrahim- that too before Pakistan radars or jets can detect Nirbhay.

·        Thus, Nirbhay will be a “force Multiplier” for India’s Cold Start Doctrine. Although Nirbhay alone is insufficient, we need modernization in other areas as well.

Nirbhay Vs. MTCR

·        1988: India tested first Agni missile.

·        1989: USA led MTCR forbade India from getting further missile technology.

·        Later, USSR collapsed, We were forced to become self-reliant.

·        Nirbhay: Desi subsonic cruise missile with range 800-1000 kms. So, we’ve not violated MTCR.

Good for India: Experience building. New weapons can be developed using the research data.

Bad for India: Lot of time and money wasted because we had to go by trial-error.

·        Pakistan’s Babar (cruise) and Shaheen (Ballistic) missile developed using Chinese technology. [MTCR violated because in the 90s, China promised to comply with MTCR, without joining as a member.]

Good for Pakistan: Atleast they did not have to waste time and money doing trial-errors like India.

Bad for Pakistan: No experience-building. So their engineers and scientists will always have to steal and smuggle technology in future. Hard to get warranty/replacement/ after sales service because it’s a smuggled Chinese technology!

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