Current
Affairs
What is INO?
·
Mega science project (Rs. 1584 crore by Hindu; Rs. 1350 crore by TIFR) under 12th
Five year plan.
·
To setup an underground lab for pure science.
·
INO is the first mega collaborative experimental
project to be undertaken in India and could set a precedent for large-scale
collaborative efforts in basic sciences
Function on INO
·
INO lab has 50,000 tonnes magnetic detector and an
Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector.
·
To study neutrinos and particle physics.
·
Later can be used for doing under-ground experiments
in pure research in biology, physics and chemistry as well.
Where is INO?
·
Bodi west hills, Theni district, Tamil Nadu
·
When completed, the INO will house the world's most
massive magnet, four times larger than the 12,500-tonne magnet in the Compact
Muon Solenoid detector at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland
Who owns INO?
·
Jointly funded by the Department of Atomic Energy
(DAE) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST)
·
BARC, Tata institute of Fundamental research (TIFR)
and dozen other Indian research institutes.
·
26 Indian institutions and 100 scientists are
involved in this project with TIFR as the nodal institute
Location factors
·
To detect Neutrino and their reactions, the lab has
to be at least 1000 m below surface, to reduce natural cosmic radiation.
·
Mountains of South India, are most ideal for this
lab, because they’ve dense rock (mostly gneiss) while the Himalayas are mostly
metamorphic sedimentary rock with only pockets of gneiss.
·
Bodi west hills is made up of Charnockite (hardest
rock known.) Earthquake risk minimum.
·
Hence better than hills in Karnataka, because
they’ve more schistic type rocks, the rocks.
What is Neutrino?
·
Neutrinos are subatomic particles and, like photons
and electrons, are one of the fundamental particles of nature
·
Neutrinos are products of radioactive decay
·
Neutrinos are streaming all over the universe in
great abundance
·
After Photons, neutrinos are the most abundant
particles in the universe
·
Scientists believe that the majority of the
neutrinos that are floating around were born around 15 million years ago
·
Neutrinos are also being produced constantly – from
terrestrial sources such as nuclear power stations and particle accelerators;
in the atmosphere due to interactions of cosmic rays with nuclei resulting in
what are called as ‘atmospheric neutrinos’
·
Like Photons, neutrinos do not carry any electric
charge
·
Neutrinos have tiny mass (Photos do not have any
mass)
·
Among the fundamental particles, neutrinos are a bit
strange
·
About 100 trillion neutrinos from the sun and other
cosmic sources pass through our bodies every second without us even realizing
it
·
Neutrinos are elusive and not easily detected
·
Frederick Reines (in 1956) led the discovery of
neutrino
·
Neutrino detectors are usually placed deep underground,
typically a kilometer or still deeper. The large overburden of rock or earth
above the detectors reduces the background cosmic ray particles by a million
times or more.
Types of Neutrinos:
Neutrinos are known
to come in three types –
Ø Electron
Ø Muon
Ø Tau
Which of the above
neutrino is heaviest? – result is not known; scientists are 'investigating'…
Neutrinos
- types
|
|||
Neutrino
|
Ve
|
Vµ
|
V¶
|
Charged partner
|
Electron
|
Muon
|
Tau
|
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