[CA] PSLV - C34

PSLV – C 34

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) (on June 22, 2016) launched a record 20 satellites in a single mission from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. With this launch of 20 satellites, ISRO also managed to break its previous record of placing 10 satellites into orbit in a single mission in 2008.

The 20 satellites including India’s latest earth observation satellite Cartosat-2 was launched on-board Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV C-34. The other 19 satellites were from the US, Germany, Canada and Indonesia as well as two satellites from Sathyabama University, Chennai, and the College of Engineering, Pune.

Cartosat-2 Series Satellite

·       The Cartosat-2 series satellite is the primary satellite carried by PSLV-C34. This satellite is similar to the earlier Cartosat-2, 2A and 2B. After its injection into a 505 km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit by PSLV-C34, the satellite will be brought to operational configuration following which it will begin providing regular remote sensing services using Panchromatic and Multispectral cameras.

The imagery sent by the satellite will be useful cartographic applications, urban and rural applications, coastal land use and regulation, utility management like road network monitoring, water distribution, creation of land use maps, precision study, change detection to bring out geographical and manmade features and various other Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) applications.

PSLV – C34
Satellite	Country	Weight (in Kg)	Applications
Cartosat – 2	India	727.5	coastal land use and regulation, utility management like road network monitoring, water distribution, creation of land use maps
SATHYABAMASAT	India (Satyabama University, Chennai)	1.5	To collect data on greenhouse gases (Water Vapour, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Methane and Hydrogen fluoride)
SWAYAM	India (College of Engineering, Pune)	1	To provide point to point messaging services to the HAM community
LAPAN A3	Indonesia	120	Micro-satellite will be used for earth surveillance and magnetic field monitoring.
BIROS (Berlin Infrared Optical System)	Germany	130	For remote sensing of high temperature events
SKYSAT GEN 2-1	USA	110	For earth imaging
Dove (12 Satellites)	USA	56.4 (each weighs 4.7)	For earth imaging
M3MSAT (Maritime Monitoring and Messaging Micro – Satellite)	Canada	85	For Collection and study of automatic identification system signals from low earth orbit
GHGSat – D	Canada	25.5	An earth observation Satellite for measuring atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (Carbon Dioxide and Methane)
		1288

According to ISRO, the total weight of all the 20 satellites was about 1288 kg.

Till now, ISRO has launched 74 satellites for foreign vendors from about 20 countries, earning about $ 100 million in the bargain.

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[CA] IRNSS

IRNSS 

What is IRNSS?

·        Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).

·        2006: Government approved project with ~Rs.1500 crores.

·        American Global positioning system has 24 orbiting satellites, a global network of ground stations. Thus GPS covers every part of the world.

·        But, given this small budget, it is beyond ISRO’s limit to maintain 24 satellites to cover entire globe,

·        Therefore, our GPS will use just seven satellites, and try to cover India + 1,500 km beyond its borders.

·        HQ: ISRO Navigation Centre at Byalalu, near Bangalore. It’ll control this system.

7 Satellites of IRNSS

·        3 satellites - These three of the satellites will be placed over the equator, in the geostationary orbit; they match the Earth’s rotation and therefore appear from the ground to remain at a fixed position in the sky.

·        +4 satellites - will be in pairs in two inclined geosynchronous orbits; from the ground, these satellites will appear to travel in figures of ‘8’ during the course of a day.

·        All seven IRNSS satellites will be at a height of about 36,000 km, taking a whole day to circle the Earth.

·        In future, we can add more satellites to increase coverage surrounding India and one day 25-30 satellites to cover entire earth, just like American-GPS.

·        So far 6 out 7 satellites launched

	IRNSS – 1A	IRNSS – 1B	IRNSS – 1C
When	Jul 01, 2013	Apr 04, 2014	Oct 16, 2014
Where	Satish Dawan Space Centre - Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
Launch Vehicle	PSLV – C22	PSLV – C24	PSLV – C26

	IRNSS – 1D	IRNSS – 1E	IRNSS – 1F	IRNSS – 1G
When	Mar 28, 2015	Jan 20, 2016	Mar 10, 2016	Apr 28, 2016
Where	Satish Dawan Space Centre - Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
Launch Vehicle	PSLV – C27	PSLV – C31	PSLV – C32	PSLV – C33

 Benefits of IRNSS

·        Will serve both civil and military users.

·        Will provide time-location coordinates on land, sea and air.

·        Cell phone apps- for mapping, driving, hiking in jungle and remote areas.

·        Forest department: Putting out wildfire, tracking endangered animals.

·        Fleet Management e.g. taxi or truck company can monitor whether their driver is on right path or not.

·        Disaster Management.

·        During war: naval fleet Management, missile navigation etc.

·        IRNSS will offer two services: (1) Standard Positioning Service: that will be accessible to anyone; (2) Restricted Service: Will be available only to the military and other government-authorized users.

·        At present only three countries have their own global navigation systems: (1) USA - GPS; (2) Russia - GLONASS and (3) China - Beidou

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[CA] ASTROSAT

ASTROSAT

India’s first dedicated satellite for astronomy research is ASTROSAT
Launched on	September 28, 2015
Launched from	Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
Launch Vehicle	PSLV – C30; PSLV-C30 is the tenth flight of PSLV in its 'XL' Configuration
Life Span	5 years
With this launch, Sriharikota launch pad has crossed the milestone of launching 50 commercial satellites into space in the past two decades. The count now stands at 51.

Features of ASTROSAT

ASTROSAT is India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space observatory.

The mission is capable of performing observations in Ultraviolet (UV), optical, low and high energy X-ray wavebands at the same time.

The satellite is of about 1513 kg and was placed in a 650 km orbit inclined at an angle of 6 deg to the equator around the Earth.

It carries four X-ray payloads, one UV telescope and a charge particle monitor.

   

Payloads of ASTROSAT
5 payloads by ISRO in collaboration with 4 Indian Institutions and 2 Foreign Institutions
4 Indian Institutions	Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai
	Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru
	Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune
	Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru
2 Foreign Institutions	Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
	University of Leiscester (UoL), UK
(01) Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT)	Capable of observing the sky in the Visible, Near Ultraviolet and Far Ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum
(02) Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC)	To study the variations in the emission of X-rays from sources like X-ray binaries, Active Galactic Nuclei and other cosmic sources
(03) Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT)	To study how the X-ray spectrum of 0.3-8 keV range coming from distant celestial bodies varies with time
(04) Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager (CZTI)	To sense X-rays of high energy in 10-100 keV range.
(05) Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM)	To scan the sky for long term monitoring of bright X-ray sources in binary stars, and for the detection and location of sources that become bright in X-rays for a short duration of time.

PSLV – C30 and 6 foreign satellites

PSLV-C30 also carried six small satellites from different countries. This launch also marked the first ever commercial flight of US Satellites from India
LAPAN-A2	Indonesia: 76-kg satellite is a micro-satellite; provide maritime surveillance using automatic identification system (AIS)
NLS-14 (Ev9)	Canada: 14-kg is a maritime monitoring Canadian nano satellite using the next generation AIS
LEMUR	USA: are four non-visual remote sensing satellites developed by Spire Global Inc, San Francisco, US with focus primarily on global maritime intelligence through vessel tracking via AIS and high-fidelity weather forecasting using GPS radio occultation technology
This is the third time that an Indian rocket carried seven satellites in a single mission. In 2008, ISRO launched 10 satellites in one go including India's Cartosate-2A satellite.
With this, ISRO has launched satellites for United Kingdom, France, Germany, Korea, Belgium, Italy, Argentina, the Netherlands, Japan, Switzerland, Singapore, Luxembourg, Denmark and the United States

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[CA] Satellites of ISRO in 2014

Satellites launched by ISRO in 2014

Rocket	Weight (in kg)	Launch Date	Satellite	Launched from
GSLV – D5 / Mk II	1982	Jan 05, 2014	GSAT – 14	Sriharikota
PSLV – C24	1432	Apr 04, 2014	IRNSS – 1B	Sriharikota
PSLV – C23	1600	Jun 30, 2014	5 foreign satellites i) SPOT – 7 (France) ii) AISAT(Germany) iii) NLS 7.1(Canada) iv) NLS 7.2(Canada) v) VELOX – 1 (Singapore)	Sriharikota
PSLV – XL C25 [Though launched on Nov 05, 2013, it was in news in 2014 as MoM entered the Mars orbit on Sep 24, 2014]	1337	Nov 05, 2013 / Sep 24, 2014	Mangalyaan / MoM (Mars Orbiter Mission)	Sriharikota
PSLV – C26	1425	Oct 16, 2014	IRNSS – 1C	Sriharikota
Ariane 5ECA	3100	Dec 06, 2014	GSAT – 16	French Guiana

PSLV – C26

·        27th consecutive success mission of PSLV

·        IRNSS – 1C is the third navigation satellite of India

·        IRNSS: Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

Navigation satellites of India

Ø     IRNSS – 1A à July 02, 2013 à PSLV – XL C22

Ø     IRNSS – 1B à Apr 04, 2014 à PSLV – C24

Ø     IRNSS – 1C à Oct 16, 2014 à PSLV – C26

GSAT – 16 / Ariane 5ECA

·        11th series of GSAT

·        Lifespan of 12 years

·        Replacement of INSAT – 3E (launched n Sep 28, 2003 and decommissioned on Apr 2014)

·        Heaviest satellite launched by ISRO

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