[CA] BRICS 2019

·       @ Brasilia, Brazil

·       From Nov 13 -1 4, 2019

·       Theme: "Economic Growth for an Innovative Future"

This will be the sixth time that Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi will be participating at the BRICS summit. His first BRICS summit was at Fortaleza in Brazil in 2014.

BRICS brings together five major emerging economies comprising 42 percent of the world's population, having 23 percent of the global GDP and around 17 percent of the share and world trade.

 BRICS cooperation has two pillars including consultations on issues of mutual interest through meeting of leaders and ministers as well as cooperation through meeting of senior officials in a number of areas including trade, finance, health, education, science and technology, agriculture, communications IT etc.

[CA] Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) – 2018

·       18th SCO summit was held at Qingdao, China

·       SCO resolved to fight terror, separatism and extremism with a renewed vigour in the next three years and called for a global front under the United Nations

·       Qingdao declaration: “The member states strongly condemn all forms of terrorism and consider it necessary to make efforts to promote the creation of a  unified global counter – terrorism front with the central coordinating role of the UN on the basis of international law, without politicization or double standards” [however the declaration did not mention any terror group]

·       The leaders also talked about the special role of the SCO Regional Anti – Terrorist Structure in the fight against “the three evils” – terrorism, extremism and separatism – to ensure regional security

·       Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi coined an acronym “SECURE” which he explained: “S” for Security for citizens, “E” for Economic development. “C” for Connectivity in the region, “U” for Unity, “R” for Respect of Sovereignty and integrity and “E” for Environment protection

·       India and Pakistan were accorded full member status of SCO in 2017

·       This (2018) is the first Summit for India and Pakistan as full member

·       Countries in SCO: China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; SCO was founded in 2001

·       SCO represents 42% of world’s population and 20% of the global GDP

[CA] 2016 BRICS Youth Summit

2016 BRICS Youth Summit

The 2016 BRICS Youth Summit held in Guwahati, Assam [July 01 – July 03, 2016]. The theme of the 2nd youth summit was “Youth as bridge for Intra-BRICS Exchanges”. The 1st BRICS Youth Summit was held in Kazan, Russia in 2015. The three day summit saw participation of officials and youth of the delegation from BRICS nations, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The summit concluded with certain recommendations and they are:-

Recommendations for Skills Development & Entrepreneurship	Create and strengthen apprenticeship programmes in the existing BRICS institutions
	Document and disseminate success stories among the BRICS nations
	Facilitate transfer of skills between mentors and mentees among the BRICS nations
	Ensure access to decent jobs for youth across the BRICS nations
	Promote and replicate the Know About Business (KAB) entrepreneurship programme within the BRICS nations
	Provide  training  to  Small  and  Medium  Enterprises  (SMEs)  on  business  development services, business plans and website development
	Create  and  promote  regular  expositions  of  young  people  and  youth  entrepreneurs  to facilitate exchange of best practices, new technologies and seek financial support
Recommendations for Social Inclusion	Social inclusion is a cross-cutting concern within the BRICS nations. Initiatives must, therefore, prioritise marginalised and vulnerable young people to ensure access to education, healthcare, including reproductive health and social protection services
	Initiate capacity building programmes for professionals who work with young people in the BRICS nations
	Create a BRICS Social Science Youth Research Network
Recommendations for Youth Volunteerism	Facilitate cross-learning to access opportunities for leadership development
	Accredit and recognise youth volunteer programmes for acceptance across the BRICS nations
	Establish online platforms to highlight best practices, opportunities and recognise good work
	Design and facilitate volunteer exchange programmes with a unified set of standards
	Provide volunteers with opportunities to have mutually enriching learning experiences including internships with official institutions
	Develop capacities of professionals managing volunteer programmes
Recommendations for youth participation in Governance	In order to create and systematise a road map for youth exchange programmes between the BRICS nations, promote model of BRICS Summer School in respective countries and offer opportunities for youth to participate
	Coordinate existing and create new opportunities for youth participation in governance and decision making
	Facilitate the capacities and participation of youth in public policy, programme formulation and monitoring & evaluation
	Advocate for incorporation of lessons on public policy, governance and civic engagement in school curricula
	Explore the possibility of creating a BRICS Youth Council (BYC) with a minimum of two thirds representation of youth

• Appeal to the New Development Bank to provide financial support for youth initiatives as proposed by the BRICS nations.

• Design and facilitate exchange programmes in the four thematic areas.

• Establish the BRICS Youth Secretariat initially in virtual form, consisting of one government official and one youth representative from each nation to ensure the realisation of youth initiatives agreed upon at the BRICS Youth Summits.

• Create an online platform to share best practices and opportunities.

• Report on the progress made at the next BRICS Youth Sum.

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[Economics/GK] Millennium Development Goals

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDG)

By	UN General Assembly
When	Framed in 2000 (but targets calculation done based on 1990 levels)
Deadline	2015

MDG and India:

India can achieve the following goals by 2015	India cannot achieve the following goals by 2015
1) Poverty Reduction 2) Hosueholds with water access 3) Gender parity, Universal Primary Education 4) Under 5 Mortality Rate (with some effort)	5) Maternal Mortality Rate 6) Share of women in non-agri employment 7) Birth attended by skilled personnel 8) Sanitation

 MDG has 8 goals and 18 targets:

Goal	Target Description
Poverty Hunger	1) Reduce BPL population by 50%
	2) Reduce Hungry People by50%
Education	3) All boys and girls complete primary education
Gender Equality	4) Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education
Child	5) Reduce Child Mortality by two-third
Mother	6) Reduce Maternal Mortality Rate by 75%
Disease	7) Halt HIV / AIDS spread
	8) Halt Malaria
Sustainable Development	9) Integrate Sustainable Development into national policies, reverse environment loss
	10) Population without access to water-sanitation: Reduce by 50%
	11) Improve life of at least 10 crore slum dwellers
Partnership	12) Reform Training, financial system, good governance etc
	13) Needs of LDC countries
	14) Needs of Small island and land locked countries
	15) Debt problem of developing countries
	16) Youth productive work
	17)Affordable drugs with help of pharma companies
	18)New ICT technology with help of private companies

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG):

·        2015: millennium Development goals will expire.

·        Therefore, under RIO+20 summit, the leaders had decided to enact new “Sustainable development goals” (SDG)

·        UN general assembly has setup 30 member groups to design SDG.

Proposed focused area under SDG:

1.               poverty eradication 2.               food security and nutrition 3.               health and population dynamics 4.               education 5.               gender equality and women empowerment 6.               water and sanitation

7.               energy 8.               employment 9.               sustainable cities and human settlements 10.           sustainable production and consumption 11.           means of implementation

What is Sustainable Development?

Ø     “Development which meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

Ø     Brundtland commission on World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) gave above definition.

 What is Rio+20 summit?

Ø     1992: Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Ø     2012: United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, in same place.

Ø     but since 20 years had lapsed between two summit, therefore, second summit called “RIO+20”
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