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Grouping
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Objectives &
Features
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India’s Position
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NSG
(Nuclear Suppliers Group)
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Group of Nuclear Supplier countries
based on Non – Proliferation Principle
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Applied for membership in May 2016
[India is not a signatory in NPT (Non – Proliferation Treaty]
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Mandate is to regulate nuclear
exports and nuclear related exports
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Sought exemption from NPT on grounds
of clean track – record
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Set up in 1974 as a response to
India’s Nuclear Test
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India’s pledge of “no-first-use”
policy will help in getting membership
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Being a signatory of NPT is an
important criteria to join the elite club
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Got support from all major members;
China poses hurdle
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Has 48 members including P5 of the
UNSC
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Membership helps in lucrative global
nuclear trade
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Will get access to sensitive nuclear
material & technologies
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Big boost to domestic industries
& clean energy initiatives
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MTCR
(Missile Technology Control Regime)
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An informal and voluntary partnership
among 35 countries
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Applied for membership but denied
membership in October 2015
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Set up in 1987 by the G7 countries
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Major countries supported but Italy
was reluctant (“due to rift on Marine case”)
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Aims to limit the proliferation of
missiles and missile technology
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Membership helps India in curbing
global missile non-proliferation threat
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Focus on those that carry minimum
payload of 500 kg & minimum of 300 km
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More of strategic concern and no
additional benefit in terms of trade
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Not a treaty and does not impose
legally binding obligations on member
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Because the group has no restrictions
on trade with non-members
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Has 34 members & China is not a
member
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India became 35th member of MTCR on
June 27, 2016
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Wassenaar Arrangement
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Set up in 1995 in Wassenaar (the
Netherlands) & operation in 1996
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Interested in joining this export
control regime
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Focus is on conventional arms &
dual-use goods and technologies
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Meets 3 of the four conditions needed
to join
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Seeks to achieve peace and security
through export controls
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They are – Producer of arms;
Adherence to non-proliferation policies
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Has a 4-point criterion for
membership
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Third - Fully effective export
controls (announced a list of 16 in August 2015)
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41 members including the USA and
Russia
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Fourth - Yet to comply with SCOMET
list criteria
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Benefits – participation in trade and
Play key role in deciding export regulations
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India became 42nd member of Wassenaar
Arrangement on Dec 07, 2017
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Australia Group
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Informal group set up in 1985
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Willing to join the group with the
USA’s backing
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As a response to Iraq’s use of
chemical weapons in 1984
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Ratified the CWC and set up a
national authority in 2000
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To control the export of chemical and
biological weapons
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With membership, gets a chance in
deciding export items list
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Key role in the conclusion of
Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) of 1997
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India admitted as 43rd country on Jan
19,2018
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NPT
(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)
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To prevent the spread of nuclear
weapons & weapons technology
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Unwilling to sign the treaty as it is
biased towards NWS
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Binding treaty and came into force in
1970 for 25 years
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NPT discriminatory because it enables
development of weapons only by NWS
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In 1995 extended indefinitely; Joined
by 195 parties so far
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India, Israel and Pakistan are the
major non-signatories
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Two categories Nuclear Weapon States
(NWS), which are also P5, & Non-NWS
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Signing of NPT is crucial as it
linked to membership in other control regimes
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NWS are those that conducted tests
before 1 January 1967
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Showing posts with label MTCR. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MTCR. Show all posts
Jan 21, 2018
[GK] NSG -NPT - Australia Group - etc...
Jun 28, 2016
[CA] India joins MTCR
India in MTCR
India (on June 27, 2016) became the 35th
full member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). This entry would
be mutually beneficial to enhance global non-proliferation norms. The
instrument of accession to MTCR for India was signed in New Delhi by Foreign
Secretary S Jaishankar. The entry also marks India's first entry into any
multilateral export control regime.
The MTCR Point of Contact in Paris
conveyed the decision regarding India's accession to the regime through the
French Embassy in New Delhi as well as the Embassies of The Netherlands and
Luxembourg.
·
India's entry into the regime as its thirty-fifth
member would be mutually beneficial in the furtherance of international
non-proliferation objectives.
·
It entered this multilateral export control regime
with the support of all thirty-four MTCR Partners. In 2015, India’s membership
to the group was blocked by Italy.
·
MTCR membership will now enable India to buy high-end
missile technology and also enhance its joint ventures with Russia.
What is MTCR?
Set up in 1987 by G-7 countries, the aim
of the MTCR is to restrict the proliferation of missiles, complete rocket
systems, unmanned air vehicles and related technology for those systems capable
of carrying a 500 kilogram payload for at least 300 kilometres, as well as
systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction.
·
India's entry into MTCR comes days after it failed to
get Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) membership due to stiff opposition from China
and six other countries, namely Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand,
South Africa and Switzerland. Turkey remained neutral. NSG is the 48-country
cartel that controls nuclear exports.
·
Significantly, China, which stonewalled India's entry
into the 48-nation Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) at the just-concluded Seoul
plenary, is not a member of MTCR.
·
India’s inclusion to the Missile Technology Control
Regime means strengthening its own export controls, which will help it to
justify transferring sensitive technology to India in front of other MTCR
members.
·
Further, this may pave the way for India becoming the
member of NSG, Wassenaar Agreement (conventional arms & dual-use goods and
technologies) and Australia Group (chemical weapons).
MTCR: Top five things to know
» MTCR
membership will enable India to buy high-end missile technology and also
enhance its joint ventures with Russia.
» MTCR aims
at restricting the proliferation of missiles, complete rocket systems, unmanned
air vehicles and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500
kilogramme payload for at least 300 kilometres, as well as systems intended for
the delivery of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
» India’s
efforts to get into the MTCR also got a boost after it agreed to join the Hague
Code of Conduct, dealing with the ballistic missile non-proliferation
arrangement, earlier this month.
» India’s
membership had been blocked in 2015 by Italy, which seemed to link it to the
standoff over the detention of the Italian marines. With the return of the
second marine, Salvatore Girone, to Rome on May 29, the sources said, “Italy is
no longer blocking the consensus.”
» China,
which stonewalled India’s entry into the 48-nation Nuclear Suppliers Group
(NSG) at the just-concluded Seoul plenary, is not a member of 34-nation MTCR.
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